Soon after he enlightened the Buddha gave his first discourse. On that occasion he gave the following famous admonition (SN 56.11/TB):
“There are these two extremes that are not to be indulged in by one who has gone forth. Which two? That which is devoted to sensual pleasure with reference to sensual objects: base, vulgar, common, ignoble, unprofitable; and that which is devoted to self-affliction: painful, ignoble, unprofitable. Avoiding both of these extremes, the middle way realized by the Tathagata — producing vision, producing knowledge — leads to calm, to direct knowledge, to self-awakening, to Unbinding.”
What did the Buddha mean to say in this important verse? With these words, the Buddha pointed the way for us towards liberation. He is saying, do not believe in external gratification or in suppression as a saviors from the unsatisfactory nature of life.
The profound nature of these words cannot be understated. The Buddha is calling on all of us not to be complacent if we are fortunate enough to lead somewhat comfortable lives. When we do seek out a spiritual endeavour, it should be one that prioritizes mindfulness over blind adherence. With his first words after he liberated himself from suffering, the Buddha is simply suggesting to us that we should learn to practice insight meditation as a matter of priority. He explains that if we heed this advice, we can expect a result that is similar to the result he experienced, that is clarity, a peaceful abiding and freedom from suffering.